Neurodiversity, as a relatively new term, recognises that our brains and minds are incredibly varied and different. This diversity isn’t a flaw, but rather a natural phenomenon—a reflection of the varied ways in which human brains are wired—which enriches how we experience and interact with the world both around us and within us. Indeed, neurodiverse individual often have many enviable character traits, these include photographic memory, creative skills, loyalty and honesty.
Despite this, stigma and misconceptions about neurodiversity remain widespread, and efforts to 'fix' these ‘conditions’ have yielded mixed results.
Emerging research suggests that nutrition and lifestyle interventions can serve as valuable complementary therapies. A holistic approach to nutrition, addressing both physical and mental health, can support the strengths and help manage the challenges associated with neurodiversity, thereby enhancing overall well-being. We know that nutrition plays a vital role in supporting brain health. In some individuals, physiological, cognitive, and behavioural profiles can increase sensitivity to certain foods and make them more vulnerable to nutrient excesses or deficiencies. Nutritional therapy can address these specific needs by developing personalised nutrition plans that consider sensory preferences, nutrient levels, food sensitivities, and gut health. This tailored approach helps enhance overall well-being and supports the positive aspects of neurodiverse experiences.
In this blog we offer few tips on nutrition to support individuals with Autism spectrum conditions (ASC, formerly ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Important nutritional considerations for neurodiversity
Healthy and balanced levels of nutrients such omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, iron and B vitamins, are vital to produce key neurotransmitters, many of which govern mood, attention, memory, and impulse control.
Nutritionally balanced, regular, and preferably homemade meals (try to avoid ultra processes food –UPF-) assist to keep blood sugar stable, while the brain burns more fat for fuel. We are sure many of you are aware of the exacerbation of symptoms such as impulsiveness and hyperactivity of some children after eating or drinking sugary treats! Also, food colourings and preservatives can negatively impact children's behaviour, regardless of ADHD, one to watch as we approach Halloween!
Research has also indicated that there may be a link between gut health and autism symptoms. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been implicated in some individuals with ASD and the use of probiotics to improve gut health can potentially alleviate some of the symptoms experienced.
Another important point to consider is proper hydration. Children -but all too often adults too – can forget to drink as they are so engrossed in other activities. So, ensuring optimal hydration (not with fizzy sugary drinks of course!) throughout the day is essential for maintaining vital bodily functions cognitive performance.
Elimination diets have also been studied for their potential to reduce symptoms in some individuals with autism spectrum disorder, with mixed results.
Gluten-free and dairy free diets have been investigated, with families reporting that removal of these from the diet has resulted in positive changes, in particular linked to behaviour and communication improvements. If you are not sure as to what might be any possible food triggers, it’s a good idea to keep a behavioural and symptoms diary linked to specific foods.
Glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) are major neurotransmitters in the brain. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, it tends to increase neuronal activity, while GABA is inhibitory. Many foods increase glutamate levels, especially UPF-rich diets. So, the aim should be to reduce or eliminate UPFs and increase intake of GABA-rich foods such as kefir, green tea, oats, sweet potato, chamomile, brown rice, barley, and nuts, particularly walnuts and almonds.
Holistic approach to neurodiversity
A holistic approach can do a lot to support neurodiversity and combines personalised nutrition with other therapies, such as psychotherapy, behavioural interventions and medication, all depending on an individual’s needs.
References:
Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust. Neurodiversity support pack. Retrieved from
Dwyer P. (2022). The Neurodiversity Approach(es): What Are They and What Do They Mean for Researchers? Human development, 66(2), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000523723
Feng, P., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, E. (2023). A review of probiotics in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives from the gut-brain axis. Frontiers in microbiology, 14, 1123462. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123462
Goldberg, Hagar. (2023). "Unraveling Neurodiversity: Insights from Neuroscientific Perspectives" Encyclopedia 3, no. 3: 972-980. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030070
Pinto, S., et al. (2022). Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 14(20), 4332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204332
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